The Grand Canyon By Henry Morris - 1449 Words

There is a famous saying that goes something like: if you take God out of the picture, there will be no answer. However, many people take God or gods out of the many aspects of their lives. Now, if God is mentioned in a debate or topic, it creates controversies and is specifically targeted by critics. Topics or questions such as evolution or the origins of the universe have long been debated, studied, and researched. Starting in the 19th century, evolution has been a long debated popular topic among many people. A major 20th Century alternative belief to evolution is scientific creationism. This became prevalent through the leading institute for promoting, forming, and researching the doctrine of scientific creationism: the Institute of†¦show more content†¦It is the belief that the world is around ten thousand years old. The idea or belief is far from the findings of science which calculate the age of the earth to be around five billion years old. The data considered solid by scientists such as the astronomical measurements on stars, dating of rocks, and the reconstructions of the history of life on the planet are based on the calculation that the earth is five billion years old. Almost all of the things that science has researched and discovered are based on the calculation that the earth is around five billion years old, but scientific creationism argues against all of the proof and claims that the earth is young. The age of the earth, in the eyes of scientific creationism, is calculated first by creating a genealogical table. Starting with Adam, the man considered to be the first human, the genealogy should be studied until the birth of Christ. This will give you the approximate age of the earth. However, there is another controversial topic: the length of the day. Scientific creationism believes that the length of the day in Genesis chapter one is a literal 24 hour day, however there are other theories that the day might be longer and may not even be confined within the human realm.† The belief that the world is roughly ten thousand years old became widespread mostly because of the scientific creationists convincing people

The Fight Over Gun Control Essay - 1807 Words

The fight over gun control in America has been an open-ended, heavily argued and very controversial issue in U.S. government for years. Although the pro-gun argument is reasonable, it treads a fine line of violating American individuals second amendment right to bear arms. Pro-gun government believes that stricter gun control laws will decrease the number of violent crimes committed in America, as well as prevent the access of guns to criminals and those who intend to do harm with them (Kleck, G., 2009). There is no solid proof that has been presented that offers substantial evidence that stricter gun control laws will have any significant impact or decrease on crime in America. During the Revolutionary War the use of firearms played a significant role in the fight for independence for the British (Second Amendment, 2010). For centuries before and after the Revolution, guns were used for means of survival. They were used to provide food as well as income, but they were also used for protection. Although times have changed since then, many individuals still own firearms as a means of self-defense. Crime in the 21st century has become an entity of a whole different level. Americans live in a time where terrorist attacks and mass shootings against innocent children and civilians have become a very sad reality in American life. It has become easier for some in society and government to blame the actions of these violent, radical, and seriously troubled individuals on theShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Gun Control1032 Words   |  5 PagesGun control is a vital necessity to the welfare of our nation. Many people out there are supporting the â€Å"anti- g un control cause† with the excuse of â€Å"self-defense†. I believe that not everyone will handle a gun for self-defense. The possession of a gun is a sign of power. 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People who support gun control laws b elieve that the laws will help prevent gun violence, whereas those whoRead MoreThe Meaning of the Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagesstrongly that we needed the right to have guns that they put it second in the Bill of Rights. When the Bill of Rights was written it was after Americans had gone through tyranny of Great Britain. The founding fathers did not want what the rights of free people taken away again. They were also afraid that a centralized government could over throw the people and take over without a fight. The founding fathers wanted the people to be able to fight for freedom. Yet over the years people believe that theRead MoreEssay on Gun Control1021 Words   |  5 PagesSince the early days, gun control has been a never-ending debate. It is because of the fast increase in crime, the fight for the right to own a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control in order reduce the crime in the United States, that this issue has been hotly debated in recent years. The streets of America are now a war zone especially right here were we live. ?Florida has the highest crime rate of any state and the sixth highest homicide level?(www.guncite.com). A sad fact butRead MoreEssay about The Second Amendment1632 Words   |  7 Pagessome people claim that a gun control policy is unconstitutional, while others disagree and even say it is necessary in order to reduce crime. Now, what does gun control mean? If it means to analyze who is responsible enough to own a gun by a â€Å"Universal Background Check†; that sounds right to everyone. But in the ar ticle â€Å"What Are Obama’s Gun Control Proposals? An Easy Guide† published in the National Journal by Matt Vasilogambros. The author states that the â€Å"gun-control package† that President ObamaRead MoreEssay about Gun Advocates! The Crà ¨me of the Crop of Americans1448 Words   |  6 Pagesjeopardizing and are even beneficial to people? Gun ownership is an example of things that may seem threatening, but really isn’t. Legalizing gun ownership reduces the crime rate dramatically, is a Second Amendment right in the Constitution, and helps control animal populations from exploding out of control. Firstly, the claims that guns contributing to higher crime rates are completely over exaggerated. Most people are spoon-fed by the mainstream media that guns contribute to higher crime rates. In factRead MoreGun Control Is Necessary For A Free State851 Words   |  4 Pagescriminals are loading up on combat weapons, why make it complicated just to own a handgun? The government needs to learn that taking guns away from citizens leave them vulnerable, gun control cannot stop murder or suicide and they cannot base their argument on a myth of less guns equal less crime. First of all, if the government makes stricter laws on gun control, how are the U.S. citizens going to protect themselves and their family? A Loganville family, in Walton County, Georgia, was compelledRead MoreThe Battle Of Gun Control847 Words   |  4 Pages Gun Control  refers to laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of firearms in order to  control  crime and reduce the harmful effects of violence. (http://definitions.uslegal.com/g/gun-control/) US Legal Definitions. The gun control debates and issues started hundreds of years ago. First, in 1873 the State of Georgia passed a law to ban handguns and this law was thrown out, because it was ruled unconstitutional. Second, in 1865 several Southern

Learning and Teaching free essay sample

A critical analysis of an individual child’s observed learning behaviour during a teaching session and analysis of the implications for their further learning and their support needs (i. e. the TA’s possible role in supporting and developing further learning) (1500 words) INTRODUCTION This essay is about how I, as a teaching assistant (TA), develop my understanding of how my learners learn and develop. I will rename the teacher as Ms K and the students as student M throughout the context. I have been assisting Ms K in Year 2C class for 3 months. The subject of the observation is student M from Iran, whose learning I analysed during a 40 minutes English lesson. I have known the student for 3 months, and as treats me like a friend, is honest and open with me. He discusses his favourite movies, toys, games and even confides in me. I have noticed that he is loquacious and as I give him more time, he has a closer relationship with me as compared to Ms K. I tend to spend my time with my learners during breaks. I have never experienced problem communicating with student M as he is able to speak good English, although he sometimes struggles with reading and writing. According to Janine Murphy ‘A teacher must be flexible and observant†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (2011), so as a TA, I feel I should be more observant of the strengths, interests and learning needs of my learners. STUDENT M’s BACKGROUND Student M is from Iran and is 8 years old. He is slightly overweight and one of the tallest in the class. He does not like to sit at the same place for a long time and he prefers waking around the class and dancing. I often see him bullying his friends, pushing them break, hitting them whenever he likes and also annoying them by singing loudly in class. He is quite sensitive when someone scolds him, but he never cries. He communicates well with other students and teachers. Moreover, he enjoys Physical Education (PE) and Dance most, as he gets to be more active and he works finely in group activities. He seems to hate English and this is maybe due to the way Ms K delivers her lessons which may not be able to conducive to his kinaesthetic learning style. The majority of the students in 2C class also seem to have a kinaesthetic style. According to David Glen â€Å"Almost certainly, you were told that your instruction should match your students learning styles†¦Now four psychologists argue that you were told wrong. There is no strong scientific evidence to support the â€Å"matching† idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2009) I totally do not agree with that statement because I feel that by complying the needs of a learner will actually make them more interested to learn something rather than just wasting time in a place where they do not like. There are for 4 aspects I have observed, learning style: 1. Personality and Learning style 2. Experience and interest 3. Stage of development 4. Abilities DEFINATION OF KINAESTHETIC We keep hearing things like, â€Å"My mind works better when I’m doing something physical, like running or walking. â€Å"I like spending all my free time in the open air. † â€Å"I enjoy working with my hands. † All these form kinaesthetic intelligence. According to Ian Ducket â€Å"Kinaesthetic learners usually tend to remember things that they do and experience and may tend to tap their pencil or pen during a lesson†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (n. d) As a TA I would try my best to make sure my learners will experience a perfect learning environment with suitable resources used to help them to understand more effectively. According to learning specialist,  Pat Wyman, M. A. , concept †¦is the importance of matching input and  output in teaching. For example, it  may be obvious to  anyone that a child cannot acquire the skill of swimming  (output) by reading  about it in a book. He has to get in the water and practice the  skill (input)†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) LESSON DELIVERED BY MS K ON 14/112011 FROM 10. 40am – 11. 20am I have chosen English lesson to observe and it is a teaching session of one period which is equivalent to 40 minutes Time| Record of Observation| 10. 40am – 10. 55am| Ms K entered the class and ordered them to sit on the floor in front of her. Then she did a recall session with them based on what they previously learnt, but I noticed student M was not paying attention as he was talking and singing to himself. Ms K read them a story titled ‘Secret’ from their Fitzroy book. The story is about a boy who cannot keep secrets and ends up destroying himself. Ms K told student M to be quite. However, he didn’t take notice, so, I decided to sit next to him on the floor. I was helping him to read the story step by step, as I am aware of his limited reading ability. However, he was not interested in reading, so I briefly explained about the story to him. I used examples and face expressions which engaged him and he even gave examples related to his experience. | 10. 55am – 11. 10am| After reading them the story, Ms K asked them to sit at their desks and wrote 5 questions on the whiteboard. All the students were required to copy the questions into their exercise book. Rather than, copying the questions, student M was busy doodling in his book. According to Shelley Vernon  Ã¢â‚¬Å"†¦Kinaesthetic learners are often the students who just dont get what youre trying to teach in a traditional lecture or worksheet based lesson. Kinaesthetic learners take in information best when they use their whole bodies to complete practice exercises†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  (2008) Ms K tried her best to persuade him to copy the questions, but in vain. He did copy a few letters as Ms K observed him, but once she left, he continued drawing and started singing again. Ms K told him if he does it again she will complain to his mother. Instead of obeying her, he replied saying that his mother was scared of him and he had even hit his mother before. He also stated that his dad does not say anything to him. I helped him to spell the words so it would be easier for him to write. In order to gauge his level. I asked him to write down the alphabets. From the result, it was clear that student M (the name of the students is not written for the anonymity of the institution, students and staff) does not know all the alphabets, and if the letters he knew, he wrote some upside down. Eventually, he did copy the questions but did not answer them due to a shortage of time. | 11. 10am – 11. 20am| Next, Ms K asked them to sit again on the floor in front of her to go through the answer with them. She picked a few students to read out their answers. One of those was student M who surprisingly answered the question correctly. Ms K did correct a few students who answered wrongly. At the end of the period, Ms K collected all the books to be marked. | WHAT COULD I HAVE DONE TO SUPPORT THE LEARNERS As a TA I would never make my learners feel scared of me because this will cause them to not share their problems with me. I would also sit with them and guide them to do their work and if there is having any doubt, I will always be there to clear their confusion. However, I would make sure that the class environment is suitable with the needs of my learners such as I have decorated the class with more pictures as I know that my learners prefer to see rather than reading. According to Terry Farwell â€Å"Once students understand their learning styles, they can better adapt to their learning environment†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012). Since I know it is impossible to expect them to sit quietly for long and listen to something without experiencing it physically so it is better to give them tools and equipment to use in class. Rather than stopping them from moving, it is better to let their bodies build up through expression, enabling them to grow up into inspired individuals. WHAT I WOULD HAVE DONE AS A TEACHER Since I know that student M is a kinaesthetic learner, I would have created a lesson plan which involved more moving activity. According to Erin, â€Å"While some students can learn effectively through quiet study, others gain the most information through active learning activities. If you are charged with the task of teaching English to a kinaesthetic learner, you can increase the effectiveness of the lessons you offer by mixing movement into your learning activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) At the beginning of the lesson I would have read them the story then I asked them to do role play in 4 groups where every group had a peer guide to guide the weaker ones. This way, student M would have had the chance to show off his talent, move around and talk loudly as he loves to. Once they had performed their role play, I would have asked them to remain in their groups and called every group leader to come forward to choose a question. They are required to show their answer in the form of a picture or drawing. According to Elizabeth, she stated â€Å"†¦kinaesthetic learners sometimes process information such as class notes better by drawing pictures than by writing words. Kinaesthetic learners may need to draw models, write in different colours if taking text notes and use highlighters to help them concentrate†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2011). Thus, this would give student M the opportunity to show his talent at drawing. Furthermore, this activity would not only have benefited student M; it will also benefit other students as well since they all love colouring. Finally, every group would present their drawing and explain their answer to the class. Elizabeth also stated that â€Å"Allow kinaesthetic learners to assess orally through simple answers, presentations, poems or songs†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (2011) and I have to agree with her statements. Student M would learn the story twice and thus improve his thinking and imagining skills. I have also noticed that Ms K does not like any interruption when she is teaching even if students want to ask questions. If I were the teacher I would have given students the opportunity to ask questions, on condition that if they wish to ask a question they must first raise their hands and get permission. Ms K told me the reason she wants them to copy the questions is because she wants them to improve their writing and at the same time memorize the spelling. I feel it is a good practice but unfortunately it does not fit the learning style of student M. CONCLUSION I HAVE MADE I feel that as a teacher assistant (TA), it is my responsibility to make sure that every learner gains something from a lesson, since I believe that the teacher is busy and she cannot give individual attention to all 19 students. Overall, I believe that as a TA, I will help student M to develop his skills by guiding him during learning session. I will try to divide my time equally everyday to all my learners so that no one will be left out. Albert Einstein once stated that â€Å"†¦he felt it in his muscles, when he was thinking about something that later proved to be very significant. This heightened kinesthetic sense tells us that helping develop this kinesthetic sensitivity from an early age, instead of suppressing it, will help people turning out to be more creative individuals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2008) As a conclusion, I agree with Albert Einstein and I am also applying it in my role to support my learners. Furthermore, it is my responsibility to make sure my learners are in ease when the learning session is going on. REFERENCING Ducket, Ian. , (n. d) Effective Practice: Learning styles and their application for effective learning, Available at: http://www. itslifejimbutnotasweknowit. rg. uk/files/LearningStyles. pdf (date accessed: 05/01/2012) Farwell, Terry. , (2000 – 2012) Family Education: Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic Learners, Available at: http://school. familyeducation. com/intelligence/teaching-methods/38519. html (date accessed: 09/01/2012) Glen, David. , (2009) Matching Teaching Style to Learning Style May Not Help Students, Available at: http://c hronicle. com/article/Matching-Teaching-Style-to/49497/ (date accessed: 03/01/2012) Guffanti, Stephen. , (2011) Learning Styles: What Does It Feels Like To Be A Kinesthetic Learner, Available at: http://www. howtolearn. om/2011/11/learning-styles-what-does-it-feel-like-to-be-a-kinesthetic-learner (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Hasan, (2008) ‘Understanding Kinesthetic Intelligence! ’ , Reaction Of Society, Available at: http://www. dirjournal. com/guides/understanding-kinesthetic-intelligence/ (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Murphy, Janine. , (2011) What Types of Communication Are Used in Teaching? , Available at: http://www. ehow. com/info_8420301_types-communications-used-teaching. html (date accessed: 25/12/2011) Schreiner, Erin. , (1999 – 2012) How to Teach English to Kinesthetic Learners, Available at: http://www. how. com/how_6914515_teach-english-kinesthetic-learners. html (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Stover, Elizabeth. , (2011) Adaptations for Kinesthetic Learners , Available at:: http://www. ehow. com/info_8718466_adaptations-kinesthetic-learners. html (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Vernon, Shelley. , (2006 – 2012) Teaching English Games: How to Teach English For Different Learning Styles, Available at: http://www. teachingenglishgames. com/Articles/Learning_Styles. htm (date accessed: 09/01/2012) TABLE OF CONTENT FOR TASK 2 No | Topic / Area| Page| 1. | Introduction| 14 | 2. | Learner’s Background| 15 | 3. How have I plan my lesson relate to my learners needs| 15 – 16 | 4. | Session plan for learning session of 120 minutes| 16 – 18 | 5. | How do I make sure that learning has take place| 19 | 6. | Evaluation of my lesson plan| 20 – 21 | 7. | Conclusion I have made| 21| 8. | Reference| 22 – 23 | 9| Appendix| 24 – 32 | TASK 2 Plan and deliver a lesson in a core subject for a group of mixed ability pupils, ensuring that all are able to access learning through the use of a range of teaching strategie s and resources. Include assessment opportunities and personalised provision as appropriate. Assess the learning that took place and evaluate the effectiveness of the planning and issues raised for consideration in future planning. The plan will form an appendix. The school’s preferred planning format can be used. INTRODUCTION This essay is about me, planning and delivering a Mathematics lesson for a group of mixed ability pupils for class PYP 1. PYP stands for Primary Year Programme. I have made sure that all my learners are able to access learning through the use of a range of teaching strategies and resources. I have also given them assessment to know their level of knowledge and how effective is my teaching towards them. As it is stated in the webpage of University of Western Australia â€Å"Assessment is that part of the learning process used to better understand the current knowledge that a student possesses†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anon. , 2001) I will rename my mentor as Ms R throughout the context. I have been assisting Ms R for 3 months and I have gained a lot of knowledgeable information from Ms R. I planned my lesson by not repeating the mistakes done by Ms R since I have been observing her for 3 months and I have learnt the face expression and how they react towards learning. LEARNERS BACKGROUND PYP 1 students are 5 years old to 7 years old and they are from mixed countries. There are 19 students in this class and they have well spoken English. Since I know the type of learners I am handling with which I realised they are mostly kinaesthetic and visual learners so I will conduct an activity that requires them to move around such as swapping their places with their friends. In addition, I will also choose the materials I am going to use according to my learners needs so that they will feel comfortable during my session and will concentrate on their learning. I have identified the needs of my learners by conducting a diagnostic meeting and also observing them in the class when they are learning. I realised that they prefer to talk rather than listening and most of my learners prefer to learn by doing a moving activity. Every morning I am instructed by Ms R to collect their work book, while arranging their books I will check it before I hand it to Ms R and I usually will have a short conversation about our learners every morning. According to Kimberly Olver, the meaning of diagnostic meeting is â€Å"†¦which is concerned with how well the students understand the concepts of a particular part of the curriculum†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012) HOW HAVE I PLAN MY LESSON RELATE TO MY LEARNERS NEEDS I have designed learning activities relate the learner needs by using ‘match and stretch’ method so that all the students will have the opportunity to fulfil their needs since not all the students requires the same learning style. Such as I will have more of visual r and kinaesthetic style of learning since the majority of my learners prefer not to read or listen but I will also have short activity involving reading complying the needs of other learners. There will be group activity and single activity I plan so that I will know their abilities on the subject and get to know my learner needs better. As it is stated that, To ensure the greatest probability of learning, we must carefully select and arrange activities that will produce the desired learning outcomes in our students. Only through careful planning can we be certain that we include all necessary information and have our lesson plan properly organized to achieve the lesson objective†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Anon. , n. d. ) The meaning of ‘match’ is when I comply with their needs of learning and the meaning of ‘stretch’ is when I go against their opposite needs. Such as, I give them quizzes using a projector and kinaesthetic learners will feel ‘stretch’ but will ‘match’ the visual learners. It is stated that â€Å"A learning stretch is defined as the demonstration of knowledge and research over and beyond previously learned material† (Anon. , n. d) There are quizzes (refer to appendix) and activity using projector. This will benefit the visual learners as they prefer to see pictures rather than reading. Furthermore, the worksheet that they will have to attempt requires them to move around. Such as, there will be 4 groups and each group will be located at a different area in the class and they have to swap places with another group in order to answer a new worksheet. SESSION PLAN FOR LEARNING SESSION OF 120 MINUTES Session title| Additions : two digit numbers with tens| Aim| To understand and able to solve mathematical addition involving two digit numbers by themselves| Learning objectives| By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to solve addition involving to two digit numbers in many kind of ways within 30 minutes| Plan Time| Teacher Activity| Learner Activity| Differentiation| Assessment| Materials / Resources| 5 minutes| Teacher recalls what is single and double digit is all about and provides a few examples for the students. Student listens to teacher and tries to understand. | I target prepared open and closed questions at students of my choice. This exercise will give me instant feedback on the quality of their previous lesson knowledge. | Discussion and Questionnaire| * Whiteboard * Marker | 5 minutes| Teacher asks students to come out and give example of addition that they have learnt previously and then teacher will choose a student to answer the question. | Student engages with teacher and other students when creating their own questions in front of the class. Students should be alert and prepare with answers because they might be the chosen one to solve the question. | Students will understand more when their peer provides examples and explain how to solve it because this will help the weaker students. | Discussion and Questionnaire| * Whiteboard * Marker | 5 minutes| Teacher divides the students into 4 groups consist of 5 people and every group has a peer guide. Teacher tells them that there are 3 worksheet and what each group is require to do and explain the instruction of the worksheets. They will be ask to finish each activity within 10 minutes. Students cooperate with the teacher by listening to her instruction and quietly move to the tables. | I choose the pairings based on which children I know can work together harmoniously. The seating arrangement is such that I can move freely between the pairs listening to their descriptions and evaluating their achievement. | Questionnaire | N/A| 30 minutes| Teacher shows where the needle of t he watch will be after 10 minutes and they have to stop doing and swap their place to another table where there is another sheet of question paper with a different type of question. Students view the clock on the wall while the teacher shows them when they should swap their places to proceed to the next activity. They start doing their worksheet in couples. | Record the achievement of each of my student, in particular who surprised me by being more or less able than I thought? | Group discussion and colouring the correct answer. | * Worksheet * Counters * Number cards * Number charts to 100 * Colour pencils| 10 minutes| Teacher collects the worksheets and asks the students to gather and ask them question based on what they have learnt. Students attempts to answer question given by teacher, based on their level of understanding from what student has learnt. | I will give them feedback on their worksheet which I have observed them doing so that they can improve themselves. | Discussio n and Questionnaire | * Whiteboard * Marker| 20 minutes| Teacher shows slides and examples of question and how to solve it. Teacher divides the students into 4 groups and starts a fun addition game with the students. | Students views slides shown by teacher. If unclear, students are supposed to ask teacher. Student engages with teacher and other students when playing the subtraction game. | I choose the pairings based on which children I know can work together harmoniously. The seating arrangement is such that I can move freely between the pairs listening to their descriptions and evaluating their achievement. | Discussion and Questionnaire. | * Projector * Google search * Questions on quizzes(www. mathsisfun. com)| HOW DO I MAKE SURE THAT LEARNING HAS TAKE PLACE In order for me to succeed in making my learners to learn, I would need the learners to be reflectors. As it is stated in the webpage of Campaign For Learning â€Å"Reflectors like to stand back and look at a situation from different perspectives. They like to collect data and think about it carefully before coming to any conclusions. They enjoy observing others and will listen to their views before offering their own† (Anon. , n. d) I would need them to reflect onto anything that they do not understand so that I will be able to help them. On the other hand, the students should also be good communicators. As they are many activities planned, I am hoping for the students to also engage well in all activities. According to Penelope Eckert â€Å"†¦engaged learning occurs when people appropriate the learning process in the service of their goals as individuals and as members of society † (n. d) To ensure that the element of active learning which are talking and listening, writing, reading, and reflecting has taken place, I will do summative assessment with them such as quiz and questionnaire based on what I have taught them. At the end, I will conclude what they have learnt since I know their level of knowledge since I have asked them questions before I start my lesson. As it stated in the webpage of University of Michigan, the meaning of active learning is define as â€Å"†¦a process whereby students engage in activities, such as reading, writing, discussion, or problem solving that promote analysis, synthesis, and evaluation of class content†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (n. d). EVALUATION OF MY LESSON PLAN First and foremost, I will self-evaluate myself after I have delivered my lesson. I will also need the help of my learners and Ms R since she is the mentor. I completed a session with my learner’s form where I obtained oral feedback from them. I asked them a few questions to complete the session. As for my Ms R, I would evaluate my lesson after she completes the observation reports and also some oral feedback. I had one-to-one session with Ms R to improve myself as a teacher and I believe that Ms R has given me a lot of beneficial advice. As it is stated that evaluation can be in the form of, â€Å"Formal and informal†¦formal evaluation done after instruction-testing-confirms whether the teacher and students have successfully accomplished the objectives, but its results often come too late to do the students much good†¦. Informal evaluation done during instruction is often the most useful and influential type. † (Anon. , n. d) I agree with the statement. I should always consider three levels of evaluation which is: * How did my learners react to the activity? * What did my learners learn from the activity? * How are my learners performing their role differently? Evaluation procedures must obtain valuable information, whilst being as unobtrusive to the flow of my learners as possible. I faced minor problems while delivering my lesson as I am very new to teaching. One of the problems I faced was giving instruction. According to Susana Maria Li Ruso â€Å"It is essential for teachers to develop an awareness of the importance of clear oral instructions for good class management. † (2002-2003) Ms R told me that I should learn to give a simple instruction since my learners are very young so I have taken her advice and try to improve myself in future. I have attached my observation of feedback, observation of review and observation report done by Ms R as appendix. CONCLUSION I HAVE MADE Since I am trying my best to improve myself as teacher, I would always learn from mistakes that I have made and other teacher’s mistakes that I have been observing. I believe there is always space for improvement so I will never let anything to put me down as teacher to support my learners. Moreover, as a TA who fosters positive relationships with their students create classroom environments more conducive to learning and meet students’ developmental, emotional and academic needs. Such as, my learners will always confront me if they have any problem at home or at school. As it is stated in the webpage of American Psychological Association,   Ã¢â‚¬Å"If a student feels a personal connection to a teacher, experiences frequent communication with a teacher, and receives more guidance and praise than criticism from the teacher, then the student is likely to become more trustful of that teacher, show more engagement in the academic content presented, display better classroom behavior, and achieve at higher levels academically. Positive teacher-student relationships draw students into the process of learning and promote their desire to learn†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (2012). REFERENCING American Psychological Association (2012) Improving Students Relationships with Teachers to Provide Essential Support for Learning, Available at: http://www. apa. org/education/k12/relationships. aspx, (date accessed: 12/01/2012) Arthur, F. (n. d) University Of Michigan: Teaching Strategies: Active Learning, Available at: http://www. crlt. umich. edu/tstrategies/tsal. php, (date accessed: 10/01/2011) Campaign For Learning (n. d) Reflectors, Available at: http://www. campaign-for-learning. org. uk/cfl/yourlearning/whatlearner/reflector. asp (date accessed: 11/01/2012) Eckert, Penelope. (n. d: 6), The School of Engaged Learners: Students Are Engaged Learners, Available at: http://www. stanford. edu/~eckert/PDF/SasCEL. pdf, (date accessed: 11/01/2012) EGHS Senior Project, (n. d) What is a Learning Stretch? Available at: https://sites. google. com/site/eghsseniorproject/what-is-a-learning-stretch (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Evaluation (n. d) Evaluation, Available at: http://linguistics. byu. edu/faculty/henrichsenl/lessonplanning/lp_14. html, (date accessed: 07/01/2012) Homeport Training Norfolk, Virginia (n. d) Developing The Lesson Plan: The Importance of a Lesson Plan, Available at: http://www. mysdcc. sdccd. edu/Norfolk_Homeport_Training/Instructor_Info/Importance_of_a_Lesson_Plan. htm (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Liruso, Susana Maria (2002 – 2003) ‘Giving Oral Feedback to EFL Young Learners’ Abstract, pp. 38, Available at: http://www. encuentrojournal. org/textos/13. 13. pdf, (date accessed: 10/01/2012) Olver, Kimberly. , (2012) Article for Teachers: Class Meetings, Available at: http://www. eslteachersboard. com/cgi-bin/articles/index. pl? page=3;read=3554 (date accessed: 09/01/2012) University of Western Australia (2001) Outcomes Based Education and Assessment at UWA, Available at: http://www. catl. uwa. edu. au/__data/page/77897/OBE_and_Assessment. pdf (date accessed: 08/01/20 12)

Juvenile System free essay sample

Something is wrong in society if more and more teenagers commit delinquent crimes. Focusing on what spawns delinquency in juveniles today, parenting is essential. During my visit to family court with fellow classmates I was honored to observe real live cases involving teenagers, and their parents. It was obvious that one main issue in the U. We will write a custom essay sample on Juvenile System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page S. Juvenile Delinquency system is the lack of family structure. Family and delinquent relationships interconnect, ultimately, resulting to the core of delinquency. The articles â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency and Family Structure†, by Anika Doggett, and â€Å"Family Influences on Delinquency, written by David P. Farrington, both attempt to explain the effects of family structure on juvenile delinquents. The least amount of communication and structure provided by family only ensures a closer path to delinquent activities a child will engage in. Eventually, a solution or at least an attempt to solve family structure, and parental influence, will need to be instituted in the U. S. juvenile system. Attending family court was an experience in itself because it will forever be memorable. One case in particular that held significant value to me was the one involving a fourteen year old boy who stabbed a delivery worker in the chest with a knife. As the troubled teen entered the court room, all eyes were focusing on him as court officers began to remove him from handcuffs. This proved prior detainment in a detention facility. He approached his seat slow and slouchy, and sat in between his mother and his lawyer. He shared no words, or looks with either of the two as he continued to be seated. I expected a much more intimate greeting once he united with his mother, but to my surprise, neither of them seems interested in such. The young delinquent glanced around the room as he identified everyone present with his low, angry eyes. His hair was uncombed, and he slouched in his chair as if having no interest in the events about to take place. His face was brutally bruised and beaten from what seemed to be fist fights he had back in the detention facility he came from. As the descriptions of the case continued, it was proven that the victim of the stabbing was an innocent, immigrant man who spoke no English. He is from Mexico, and works to support his family being a delivery boy. The victim is only nineteen years old meaning only four years older than his offender. When the victim was mentioned, the juvenile represented was not remorseful. He showed no signs of sympathy for the victim, or his family. He continued to slouch, and be detached from everyone in the court room. As the judge continued to plead his case, he continued to stare forward with a blank stare. Ultimately, the case was postponed to be decided at a later date. The juvenile’s lawyer mentioned the teenager having a consultation with a psychiatrist. The psychiatrist saw symptoms of an antisocial disorder that the teenager processed. He described the teen as feeling emotionally disconnected and detached from things having sentimental value, which would explain his lack of emotion during the case. In the end, the teen was issued back to the detention facility in which he came from. As the case was dismissed, the boy stood up from the bench and was placed back in handcuffs. Once again, he did not look at his mother, speak to her, or acknowledge her even in the slightest way. Somehow, his mother was able to crack a smile when she looked at him, but somehow, it didn’t seem fulfilling to me. Furthermore, I analyzed the underlying cause of this case; lack of family structure. According to Anika Doggett, in the text â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency, and Family Structure†, â€Å"families are one of the strongest socializing forces in life†. (1) Providing stability, unity, and control, families are essentially the foundation of a person. However, it is clear that family factors predict offending. Some strong predictors are criminal or antisocial parents. Other predictors are large family sizes, poor parental supervision, parental conflict, and disrupted families. Children who are rejected by families, who also grow up in unstable homes with large amounts of conflict, or who are unsupervised most of the time, are at greater risk of becoming delinquent. (Doggett 1) In even more specific terms, positive parenting practices during early years of childhood and adolescence appear to act as safety helmets; simply because they add to the structure and foundation of what a child believes, values, and understands as right from wrong. This exact idea is evident in the case. From what I concurred as I watched the court case, the mother and son relationship was troublesome based on the lack of communication they shared. In the text â€Å"Family Influences on Delinquency†, author David Farrington says â€Å"mother love in infancy and childhood was just as important for mental health as vitamins and proteins for physical health†. (211) It is essential that a child experiences a warm, loving, encouraging, continuous relationship with a mother figure from a very young age. If they experience a maternal detriment, as early as the first five years of life, it will have negative effects on the development of their character. This includes becoming an â€Å"affectionless†, and â€Å"cold† person, also a delinquent. This explains the very distant relationship displayed between the mother and son in court. In addition, the fact that the boy’s father was not present is also an important facet in my observation. Farrington states that it is generally common for the loss or absence of a father, rather than a mother. However, this too impacts the future of the juvenile. Children from broken homes are more likely to offend than ones from â€Å"intact families†. (Farrington 211) To further verify this idea, a study was carried out by researcher, Joan McCord, in which she studied the relationship between homes broken by loss of the biological fathers and boys who later commit serious offenses. She found that the prevalence of offending was high for boys from broken homes without affectionate mothers (62 percent) and for those from unbroken homes characterized by parental conflict (52 percent), irrespective of whether they had affectionate mothers.

Contemporary Racism in Australia the Experience of Aborigines

Contemporary Racism in Australia the Experience of Aborigines Introduction This study provides a critique of a research paper called Personality and Psychology Bulletin by Davis Mellor. The paper was a research study encompassing 34 respondents from the aboriginal community (Mellor, 2003, p. 473). The research focused on analyzing racial experiences by the Australian aboriginal community.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Racism in Australia: the Experience of Aborigines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Its findings were largely based on the premise that racism occurred at many levels of social interaction and because many researchers have neglected the victim’s point of view, the analysis of racism on Australia’s aboriginal community has been largely incomplete. The paper therefore sought to analyze how the aboriginal communities, who are the victims of racism in this case, perceive racism. This study provides a selective analysis of the paper. Methodo logies Used To obtain the racial experiences of the participants, a questionnaire was used to record the in depth experiences of the participants. Parts of the interviews undertaken were recorded in audio format through a tape recorder so that the respondents would be more relaxed in giving their responses. The interviews were structured in an open ended manner but were also semi structured to tabulate data relating to the examination of racial experiences of the respondents, their feelings towards racists experiences and an analysis of the respondents’ answers. The data was later analyzed through the NUD*IST software which categorized various similar elements to come up with specific categories of racial variables. This system was also used to come up with racial subcategories which summed up the derived racial behaviors in totality. Why the Methodology Was Used The above methodology was used because it was a quantitative technique of obtaining data, arising from the sole fa ct that racial analysis is a qualitative subject. The methodology also enabled the research to have a descriptive element of racism. However, the biggest motivator for Mellor to use this methodology was so that he could be able to make sense of massive volumes of data and deduce significant patterns that best conceptualized the essence to which the data was meant to expose. In addition, the methodology enabled accurate collection of data because respondents were questioned from their own home environments. Conclusions Drawn From the Study It was concluded that the aboriginal community experienced varied forms of racism in various contexts and environments. Perpetrators of these racial elements were also interestingly varied. Racism was also noted to manifest in a number of behavioral and verbal forms which included discrimination and violation of societal norms.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evidently, it became clear that previous studies majorly focused on the Perpetrator’s point of view as opposed to the victims’. Also, more surprising was the fact that racism turned out to be a very common thing for the aboriginal community and it also occurred more frequently than previously thought. As opposed to newly advanced views that racism today was much more subtle and modern, the study found out that most of the racial instances being evidenced today among the aboriginal community was overt and old fashioned (Mellor, 2003, p. 473). It was also concluded that if the data used in the study was a true reflection of the real Australian intercommunity interaction, scientific researchers who perceived racism as more subtle and modern may have adopted such a theory prematurely. More specifically, the study identified that racism currently occurs through name calling, verbal abuse, threats, jokes, ignoring certain people, avoidance, patron ization, selective looking, segregation, harassment, denial of identity, assault, over application of the law, lack of concern, cultural domination, and wrong media information (Mellor, 2003, pp. 473- 483). Alternative Research Methodology An alternative methodology which could be effectively used in this study is the discourse analysis which is quite effective in the analysis of a multidisciplinary racial analysis research project (Ischool, 2010). A discourse analysis methodology is especially used in a semiotic environment. A discourse analysis has a number of bridges that enable the final information to be well communicated. They include: writing, talking and speaking which are to be analyzed in a coherent manner. Contrary to most methodologies, the discourse analysis incorporates the study of naturally occurring factors as opposed to invented examples by respondents. In a more detailed manner, discourse analysis can be viewed as more than just a research methodology because it s pecifically characterizes how a problem should be approached and what channels of thought may be used to solve a given issue. Discourse analysis does also not give a solid solution to a given problem but instead, it provides the ground through which given assumptions may be formulated (regardless of whether they are of an ontological or epistemological nature). In more conventional terms, the discourse analysis is expected to expose the various motivations that prompt people to undertake certain actions. A discourse analysis methodology will therefore be able to interpret given problems and not necessarily provide us with their answers but the motivations behind them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Contemporary Racism in Australia: the Experience of Aborigines specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Justification Using the discourse analysis to analyze racial practices among Australia’s aboriginal community poses a number of advantages. This methodology will expose the relations between different structures that perpetrate racism; like the way verbal abuse and discrimination have been pointed out as aspects to racism. Also, since the discourse analysis is closely related with the linguistic discipline, racial prejudices associated with grammatical structures will be exposed in line with ethnic biases which different racial groups’ posses. Also, because part of the racial divide in Australia is partly caused by historical discourses, the discourse analysis can be used to point out existing relations of today’s racial practices with past events and ethnic relations. In this manner, we can be able to make inferences regarding the attitude various ethnic groups have in comparison to past events. Conclusion Personality and Psychology Bulletin by Davis Mellor derives a lot of inferences about racial experiences of the aboriginal community in various ways. As much as the study exposes an unexplored area of research (victims’ point of view), there is still more room for further studies to be undertaken about other aspects, like the historical connections to racism and such like variables. These factors can be best analyzed using the discourse analysis, although the methodology used in the study suits the objectives of the research in a perfect manner. References Ischool. (2010). Discourse Analysis. Web. Mellor, D. (2003). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Pers Soc Psychol Bull, 29 (474), 473-485.

A Brief History of the Country of Morocco

A Brief History of the Country of Morocco In the Classical Antiquity era, Morocco experienced waves of invaders included Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantines, but with the arrival of Islam, Morocco developed independent states that kept powerful invaders at bay. Berber Dynasties In 702 the Berbers submitted to the armies of Islam and adopted Islam. The first Moroccan states formed during these years, but many were still ruled by outsiders, some of whom were part of the Umayyad Caliphate that controlled most of northern Africa c. 700 CE. In 1056, a Berber empire arose however, under the Almoravid Dynasty, and for the next five hundred years Morocco was governed by Berber dynasties:  the Almoravids (from 1056), Almohads (from 1174), Marinid (from 1296), and Wattasid (from 1465). It was during the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties that Morocco controlled much of North Africa, Spain, and Portugal. In 1238, the Almohad lost control of  the Muslim portion of Spain and Portugal, known then as al-Andalus. The Marinid dynasty attempted to regain it, but never succeeded. Revival of Moroccan Power In the mid-1500s, a powerful state again arose in Morocco, under the leadership of the Saadi dynasty that had taken over southern Morocco in the early 1500s. The Saadi defeated the Wattasid in 1554, and then succeeded in holding off incursions by both the Portuguese and Ottoman Empires. In 1603 a succession dispute led to a period of unrest that did not end until 1671 with the formation of the Awalite Dynasty, which still governs Morocco to this day. During the unrest, Portugal had again gained a foothold in Morocco but was again thrown out by the new leaders. European Colonization By the mid 1800s, at a time when the influence of the Ottoman Empire was in decline, France and Spain began taking a great interest in Morocco. The Algeciras Conference (1906) that followed the First Moroccan Crisis formalized Frances special interest in the region (opposed by Germany), and the Treaty of Fez (1912) made Morocco a French protectorate. Spain gained authority over Ifni (to the south) and Tà ©touan to the north. In the 1920s the Rif Berbers of Morocco, under the leadership of Muhammad Abd el-Krim, rebelled against French and Spanish authority. The short lived Rif republic was crushed by a joint French/Spanish task force in 1926. Independence In 1953 France deposed the nationalist leader and sultan Mohammed V ibn Yusuf, but both nationalist and religious groups called for his return.  France capitulated, and Mohammed V returned in 1955. On the second of March in 1956, French Morocco gained independence. Spanish Morocco, except for the two enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, gained independence in April of 1956. Mohammed V was succeeded by his son, Hasan II ibn Mohammed, upon his death in 1961. Morocco became a constitutional monarchy in 1977. When Hassan II died in 1999 he was succeeded by his thirty-five year old son, Mohammed VI ibn al-Hassan. Dispute over Western Sahara When Spain withdrew from the Spanish Sahara in 1976, Morocco claimed sovereignty in the north. The Spanish portions to the south, known as Western Sahara, were supposed to become independent, but Morocco occupied the region in the Green March. Initially, Morocco divided the territory with Mauritania, but when Mauritania withdrew in 1979, Morocco claimed the whole. The status of the territory is a deeply contentious issue, with many international bodies like the United Nations recognizing it as a non-self-governing territory called the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Revised and Expanded by Angela Thompsell Sources: Clancy-Smith, Julia Anne, North Africa, Islam, and the Mediterranean world: from the Almoravids to the Algerian War. (2001). MINURSO Background, United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. (Accessed 18 June 2015).

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 10

Sociology - Essay Example Mass production has become a repercussion of capitalism. Pro-capitalists argue it benefits to humankind by facilitating ease of use, cheaply available and within reach consumer products. On the other hand, anti-capitalists are of the view that capitalism has many downsides. It robs the average person of his/her individuality, of culture and tradition. This can be understood from a review of the following advertisements which demonstrate that capitalism has a great influence on the individual perception and expression. The innovation of line production by Ford during the 20th century has transformed not only the American population but also the world over. It has created a consumer society which is dependent on mass produced commodities. Stuart Ewen in his book Captain of Consciousness, theorizes that line production has been a way of mass producing consumers (24). Since goods are produced in huge quantitative, they need consumers to consume them. For this reason, mass production had become a device innovated by the capitalists, to artificially create demand by reducing price, increasing accessibility and creating a culture of consumerism. Over the years the ethics and moral behind this strategy have deteriorated to a great extent, that mass production has become synonymous with immoral and unethical business practices. These perceptions are warranted. Take the following advertisement by Wonderbra for example which blatantly declares the mindlessness of consumers of today. In the above advertisement, the message communicated indicates that those who buy Wonderbras need not have the brain or the inclination to be intelligent (to read The Economist, a business magazine). These are individuals who have no aspiration to be in the business arena. This is a product for the "average mindless" individual. Moreover, the message denotes the perception that only an elite group of individuals are intelligent enough to read or

Information & Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Information & Operations Management - Essay Example Thus, sustainability is concerned with the management of the total business impact of an organization on its stakeholders, the society which it operates and its surrounding environment. The main issue that this paper tends to look at is why the organization in question adopts either an economic, environmental or social sustainability. From the report, there are five drivers that lead to the initiative of sustainability for the organization. They include reduction on costs, protecting and enhancing the reputation of the organization, pressure from the stakeholders, government regulation and commitment of the top executives. The organization in question is Ford of Britain which is a subsidiary of ford motor company. It operates in three manufacturing sites in United Kingdom. It is one of UK’s best car sellers for thirty four years and commercial vehicle brand for forty five years. The sustainability initiative in place for this organization is the environmental sustainability. This would ensure that the organization is able to ensure that the environmental surrounding of the individuals living near their manufacturing industries or their consumers is taken into consideration. This reduces the instance of environmental pollution reducing the ailments that might result from environmental pollution. This pillar involves the organization providing safe and efficient transport services in terms of the environmental contribution. This is considering that the organization is a car manufacturer thus they have to incorporate the use of environmental appropriate fuels that prevent the vehicles form emitting fumes that could endanger the respiratory system of their customers. The organization would go a long way in reducing the carbon footprint. The sustainability requirements that their customers pose to them by their customers should

Louis Vuitton Moët Hennessy Essay Example for Free

Louis Vuitton Moà «t Hennessy Essay Louis Vuitton Moà «t Hennessy (LVMH) is a French multinational luxury goods conglomerate. Its headquarters are located in France, Paris. LVMH was formed after the merger of Louis Vuitton (fashion producer) and Moet Hennessy (cognac manufacturer) in 1987. The company controls around 60 subsidiaries which are often managed independently and each one of them manage a small number of prestigious brands. The main holding company of LVMH is Christian Dior a luxury goods group. LVMH is the largest luxury goods producer in the world. Comparing LVMH with Hermes, LVMH has a huge corporate power, which Hermes doesn’t have and a vast variety of many familiar luxury brands. Some of the most well known brands of LVMH: * Acqua di Parma * Christian Dior S.A. * DKNY * Fendi * Hennessy * Louis Vuitton * Moà «t Chandon * Parfums Christian Dior The current share price of LVMH is about 140 Euros. The following chart represents the revenue of LVMH in million Euros for the first 9 months from 2011 till 2012 in each group. The mission of LVMH group is to represent the most refined qualities of Western Art de Vivre around the world. LVMH aims in continuing to be synonymous with both elegance and creativity. Their products, and the cultural values they embody, blend tradition and innovation, and kindle dream and fantasy. In view of their mission, five priorities reflect the fundamental values shared by all of LVMH Group stakeholders: Be creative and innovate Aim for product excellence Bolster the image of their brands with passionate determination Act as entrepreneurs Strive to be the best in all they do One of the main values of LVMH that clearly relates to the core business of the company and the opportunities pursued in business development is acting as entrepreneurs. As previously mentioned, LVMH has about 60 subsidiaries which all manage some brands and most likely LVMH is aiming to obtain more partners and subsidiaries for luxury product manufacturing in the future. Other value that clearly reflects to their actions and business strategy is to strive to be the best in all they do. In this case it is more than obvious that this value is essential for them based on the fact that LVMH is the leading luxury goods manufacturing company in the world. Innovation is also a value that pursues in their business development, because by obtaining new subsidiaries and partners they create new products in the luxury goods market. [ 1 ]. Online encyclopedia – Wikipedia. Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LVMH, Article LVMH [ 2 ]. Online encyclopedia – Wikipedia. Link http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxury_goods, Article – Luxury brands. [ 3 ]. Official website of LVMH. Link http://www.lvmh.com/the-group/lvmh-companies-and-brands [ 4 ]. http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=MC.PA [ 5 ]. Official website of LVMH. Link http://www.lvmh.com/investor-relations/documentation/revenue [ 6 ]. Official website of LVMH, Link http://www.lvmh.com/the-group/lvmh-group/group-mission-and-values [ 7 ]. Official website of LVMH, Link http://www.lvmh.com/the-group/lvmh-group/group-mission-and-values

Tim O’Brien’s How to tell a True War Story Essay -- Tim O’Brien How to

Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"How to tell a True War Story†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the author Tim O’Brien, people tend to readily accept the ‘facts’ presented of what happened during a war. People do not consider the existence of fallacies regarding the actual stories of what happens in wars, few consider that the ‘facts’ of an incident often change through people’s words. The film ‘Saving the Private Ryan’ by Steven Spielberg features both facts and seemingness part of the war story. Since it is so difficult to fully describe a war using human language, Spielberg ended up revising his stories to make sense out of it. Spielberg included parts that did not occur or exclude parts that did occur in order to make their stories seem more credible. According to Tim O’Brien’s text â€Å"How to tell a True War Story,† he suggests that people must break out of listening to traditional war stories and scrutinize unbelievable and contradictory aspects of war stories, whi ch is a more accurate way to obtain the truth about a war. Spielberg in his movie follows some of his path but also choose not to follow his path on some of the parts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to Tim O’Brien, the narrator must talk about unbelievable aspects of war that contradicts many traditional features in telling a war story and Spielberg is no exception. When the ships arrive at Normandy beach, German soldiers kill many American soldiers. Spielberg starts out with showing pan shots of the battlefield so the reader can gain the knowledge of...

How Television Shapes Our Mind Essay

The television has displaced reading and thus inhibits the growth of reading skills. Watching TV requires less mental effort than reading. Television makes things tangible, while reading demands symbolic representation of language. While television maximizes the use of saliency(bright colors, loud noise, zoom) that appeals more to the right-brain hemisphere, reading depends on the understanding of syntax and the relatively slower, sequential processing of information-the of the left-hemisphere. There is an alarming increase in cases of dyslexia-the inability to read. Reading is a laborious task compared to watching TV. Recognizing the differences in letters, combining to words, distinguishing the order, comprehending the sentence, connecting to the next one etc. If a kid is raised on a TV diet, who finds reading or schooling attractive? Children who never learn to process language without pictures attached will have difficulty in school. Furthermore, writing ability correlates positively with the number of books read.TV viewing diminishes the quality of intellectual output (Source: Philippine Daily Inquirer May 21, 2000) Questions based on the above paragraphs must have been formulated in mind after the survey. Write your questions that vary as to 5 W’s and H. The first sample question is already provided. 1. What two ideas are contrasted in the first paragraph? 2. How does television displace the reading and communication skills? 3. What are the advantage and disadvantage of television in reading and communications skills? 4. Why reading is become a laborious task compared to watching TV? 5. How watching TV requires less mental effort than reading? 6. Why television viewing diminishes the quality of intellectual output? Read the two excerpts now completely, and highlight key ideas. Write below five important concepts in the left column then, describe each briefly in the right column. Highlighted Ideas Brief description 1. TV makes things tangible while reading. Through television we can easily see things we want to know while reading needs deep understanding on what we are reading to comprehend it. 2. Reading is a laborious. When we read, it requires time and effort to understand it compared when we are watching, it is easy to understand because we can visualize the idea. 3. TV viewing diminishes the quality of intellectual output. It means that by TV viewing it decreases the quality of learning and skills to be developed. In addition it weakens the mental abilities of a person to continue on the quest of learning. 4. Writing ability correlates positively with the number of books read. As long as the person understand what he is reading he can come up on writing a purposeful piece that will benefit readers 5. Watching TV requires less mental effort than reading†¦ It is a mere fact because the aid of TV viewing it provides definite description of the characters and other things by its feature, color, dynamic, audio-associated and the like, thus it results on negligence to explore and strengthen the true essence of learning. 6. An alarming increase in cases of dyslexia-the inability to read. Children who expose more on learning through watching TV had difficulties in oral and reading communication because they are more known with visual presentation.

EU and NAFTA: On Human Rights Essay

The European Union (EU) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has had several initiatives that address human rights issues. These initiatives obligate and mandate its signatories and the member states to follow particular rules regarding human rights. In terms of influence, varying levels of success can be noted. The human right action done by both organizations is notable, although the level of success is arguable, as there are criticisms to implementation and scope of these programs. Also, there are still existing issues on human rights that has yet been addressed and influenced by these international organizations. European Union The European Union has human rights as one of its priorities, as it conducts dialogues and coordinates with other countries and international organization. In fact, the EU has institutionalized the focus and prioritization of the issue by establishing the European Court of Human Rights which was founded as product of the European Convention on Human Rights. This court has resolved some very notable cases, and until now serves as a mechanism and agency to promote human rights and prosecute its violators. The Human Rights Watch notes however that some anti-terrorism strategies has resulted in some human rights violations in the EU, as laws protecting human rights have been weakened. Also, the EU policy on migration and refugees altogether prevents asylum seekers and refugees, even deporting them back to the home country. This is a strong indication that the EU has not perfected its human rights strategy by neglecting these issues, even detaining migrants, as Human Rights Watch notes. Individual EU members also committed human rights violations with regards to the policy of refugees and migration. The NAFTA has had initiatives and agreements that address some human rights concerns, but it has gathered criticisms on its inability to effectively implement the provisions. Also, the need to balance trade and human rights is emphasized as one of the lacking values of the organization. Some human rights initiative of the NAFTA has proven to be not very successful; as impressive as the texts of the agreement are, the implementation falls short of expectations and has had disappointing results. For instance the Human Rights Watch notes that the NAFTA Labor Accord was ineffective, and that its results should serve as lesson for future trade agreements. This labor accord – the North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation – was supposed to harmonize trade relations and labor rights, but this agreement has not elicited any results. Labor rights protection should be part and parcel of any trade agreement, but not one of the complaints of abuse and injustice has been addressed by the NAFTA initiative. The FIDH Report on the effects on human rights of the NAFTA also notes that although the organization promoted stronger economic links between United States and Mexico, it has essentially dismantled Mexico’s agricultural industry and made it dependent on the US. This has impacted negatively on the situation of Mexico, with increased poverty as result of NAFTA initiatives. Labor law reforms, as was mentioned above, also have to be considered to prevent abuse of human rights. Conclusion The European Union and the North American Free Trade Agreement are not devoid of concern for human rights issues, but the existing and past initiatives has to be reinforced in order to effectively influence its member states and the human rights situation.

Why was Bob Dylan the voice of his generation in the sixties and why do his songs continue to resonate today Essay Example

Why was Bob Dylan the voice of his generation in the sixties and why do his songs continue to resonate today Essay Example Why was Bob Dylan the voice of his generation in the sixties and why do his songs continue to resonate today Paper Why was Bob Dylan the voice of his generation in the sixties and why do his songs continue to resonate today Paper With little doubt, Bob Dylan has been one of the most influential characters in popular music within his 40 year career. Although he has experienced significant success in his later work, it has been his sixties material that has caused the biggest impact. His songs of protest were extremely popular in the sixties, particularly among the hippie subculture that was so prominent at the time. As his career and popularity soared, Dylan was soon branded as the voice of his generation and became synonymous with the anti-war and civil rights movements at the time. How Dylan managed to be branded with this tag and how he became to embody the movement is comprehensible through an analysis of his work. Dylan began his career as part of a vibrant folk scene that was happening in America at the time. His popularity soared within this scene after his first self-titled album that was a tribute to his musical influences. In his second album, (The Freewheelin released in 1963) Dylan began to write songs that would be considered protest songs, and these shot Dylan to global fame and recognition, particularly among the newly rising hippie movement. In order to look at why Dylans work captured the voice of this subculture, one must look at the social and political conditions of the time and how his music commented on these conditions. The sixties was a time of great political commotion in America, from tensions in the Cold War, to the cries for civil rights by Americas black community. By the time of Dylans second album, the cold war tensions and the civil rights movements were at their peak. Dylans first protest song, and perhaps his most famous, was called Blowin in the Wind (1) and became adopted by the civil rights movement at the time. Through its rhetoric, the song comments on social injustices and inequalities as well as questioning the action of war. Through this song Dylan asks the question how many years can some people exist before they are allowed to be free? and continues to ask how many times can a man turn his head and pretend that he just doesnt see? . Many felt that this question was related to the civil rights movement at the time, and although Dylan never mentioned the movement in the song, it soon became adopted as a song of the civil rights movement. They felt that these lines reflected the oppression felt among the black community, and questioned the integrity of those who see these injustices but do nothing to stop them. Another song on the album that focuses on the trouble of racism is entitled Oxford Town (2) that contained the lines he went down to Oxford town, guns and clubs followed him down, all because his face was brown and he couldnt get in because of the colour of his skin. Many felt that this summed up the social injustices that blacks faced in America at the time. The segregation of whites and blacks in everyday life was a prominent grievance of the civil rights movement, who felt it unfair that blacks should have to use inferior facilities like having to sit at the back of a bus because the more convenient front seats were reserved for whites. These lines were certainly perceived by the civil rights movement as relating to their cause and Dylan became very popular with the movement. Dylan became actively involved within the movement, performing at the March on Washington where Martin Luther King made his famous I have a dream speech, which only proved to enforce the feeling that Bob Dylan was a protestor and a voice for inequalities. This was one of the only times Dylan was actively involved in politics, yet his association with politics was predictable as he continued to write more protest songs. The main feature of his protest songs was the strong anti-war sentiment that allot of his songs carried. His song Masters of War (3) was a clear attack on those who instigate war and those who build the death planes, those who build all the bombs. He also commented on the economic ironies of war as he claims you sit in your mansion, while the young peoples blood, flows out of their bodies and is buried in the mud. The song depicts the instigators of War to be prosperous, while they get others to do the fighting and sit back and watch, as the death toll gets higher. This was a song that particularly liked by the anti-war movement that was protesting against the current Cuban missile crisis, and continued to be used as protests flared against the Vietnam war in 1965. His other anti-war song from this album was A Hard Rains A-Gonna Fall (4) which was written at the time of the Cuban missile crisis. This hard-rain that Dylan describes was viewed as a reference to nuclear war that so many Americans feared was impending. The fear of nuclear destruction was prominent in the minds of many Americans at the time, especially during the Cuban missile crisis when tensions were high among the two nuclear superpowers of the USA and Russia. The ban the bomb campaigns awakened a new generation of young activists, who were almost predominantly young students. This young rebellion provided Dylan with his first audience, who felt that the subjects in his music directly related to their agitations. Dylan then released an album called The Times They Are A-Changin' which many regard as the finest protest album of all time. The opening song also called The Times They Are A-Changin (5) became a generational anthem. The song is based on the principle that the movement for social change is inevitable and that history will eventually conform to morality. Dylan writes for senators and congressmen please head the call and continues to add theres a battle outside raging, we will soon shake your windows and rattle your walls for the times they are a-changing. This line in particular is very provocative, describing an almost revolutionary image, an image that the young rebellious youth arguably related to. The song never mentions a specific rebellion or situation, yet it was certainly poignant at the time when a rebellious youth threatened the status quo which gave rise to the counter-hegemonic subculture of the hippie movement. This hippie movement treated Dylan as a prophet of sorts, constantly relating to the messages in his music. Dylans song from the same album entitled With God on Our Side (6) was a deconstruction of American nationalist fundamentalism, where he comments on the particular stages of Americas development from the war on the Indians to the present day. Through a use of paradox, Dylan outlines how certain wars have been justified because of the notion that America has God on its side. Dylan relates to the present day situation of nuclear tension by writing but now we have weapons of chemical dust, if forced to fire them, then fire them we must, one push of the button, and shot the world wide, and you never ask questions when Gods on your side. This is a clear attack on the Christian fundamentalism that exists in Americas history and politics, as well as an attack on the fundamentalism that Dylan felt could cause an impending nuclear war. While this song subverted the ideology of Christian fundamentalism, it reinforced the ideologies that existed amongst the counter hegemonic subculture of the hippie movement. This distortion of the dominant ideology of Christian fundamentalism was the reason for the song being branded as a protest song, while the essence of Dylans popularity lay in the reinforcement of the ideologies of the hippie movement and the mass protest movements. This reinforcement of the subculture ideologies was perhaps the reason that Dylan was given the label voice of his generation. Dylans image also tended to embody or speak for the movement. In his early protest years, he was a folk singer and remained extremely popular among the folk music tradition. The image of a folk singer tends to give the impression of the real, where the singer is normally solo and playing a simple acoustic guitar. Folk music is often viewed as the real songs of the people, a true reflection on the lives of the common man as well as being a very expressive form of music. It is often a form of music that emerges from small towns and local gatherings which is perhaps why it is viewed as a pure form of expression rather than music that has been made with the sole purpose of making money. This image of a solo folk singer perhaps gave Dylan an image of being real and untouched by capitalist marketing pressures, an image that would have been popular amongst the hippie subculture. On The Times They Are A-Changin album cover, Dylan looks very reflective yet angry, and the inside sleeve the words what is exactly wrong? Who t picket? Who t fight? are written. The image of an angry reflective youngster along with the sense of agitation from the words on the sleeve would have no doubt been popular amongst the rebellious youth of the sixties, who probably felt they could relate to Dylans agitated and rebellious image. Although his songs were at their most popular in the sixties, his influence and popularity still remain high to this day. In a recent magazine poll, (7) Dylans Masters of War was voted as the greatest protest song of all time by the British magazine MOJO. His protest songs still remain popular and on November 2nd 2004 on the American election night, Dylan played Masters of War in Oshkosh, Wisconsin which had such an impact that Rolling Stone magazine asked the question why is the song still so alive? (8). Even though the song was written in the early sixties, Dylan never referenced any current events in the song. This meant that the songs could have a new meaning applied to them over time. For example, at the Grammy awards in 1991, Dylan played Masters of War on the eve of the Gulf War and even though the song was almost thirty years old it still related to these more current events. His work remained popular amongst other protest movements around the world which can be seen with the use of his lyrics in a republican mural in the New Lodge Road of Belfast (9). The much more recent events such as the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the war in Iraq have also given new meaning to Dylans work. There have been protests against the Iraq war similar to those of the Vietnam War in the sixties, which have provided a possible new audience for the protest songs of Dylan. It may be no surprise with the current waves of protest against the war in Iraq, the sales of Dylan albums has risen significantly. His work can be easily related to these current day events and can perhaps summarize the fears and aggravations of the current anti-war movement. A Hard Rains A-Gonna Fall could be applied to the current fear of attack with biological weapons while Masters of War could be applied to the hatred of the Iraq war. The fact that Dylan never referenced his songs to particular events is perhaps the reason that they still continue to resonate today. His songs were often against war, hunger, oppression and inequalities, and as long as these particular grievances still exist, then his songs will always have new meaning. His songs contained a certain ideology, and as long as these ideologies still exist in society then his songs will remain popular. Todays anti-war and global justice movements have similarities to the movements of the sixties and have given Dylans music a new home and a new resonance. While the current events of the present day give new meaning to Dylans sometimes apocalyptic songs, it is important to realise the power of music as a medium for protest.

Roger Williams University Admissions Requirements

Roger Williams University Admissions Requirements With an acceptance rate of 79  percent, Roger Williams University in Rhode Island is a largely accessible college. Applicants with good grades and test scores within or above the ranges shown by Cappex data have a good chance of being accepted to the school. For complete application instructions and requirements, be sure to visit the schools website. You can also contact the admissions office for information. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) Roger Williams University Acceptance Rate: 79  percentGPA, SAT and ACT Graph for Roger Williams AdmissionsRoger Williams University has test-optional admissions. However, students applying to the elementary and secondary education programs are required to submit SAT or ACT scores  and homeschooled students are encouraged to do so.What SAT numbers meanSAT score comparison for Rhode IslandWhat ACT numbers meanACT score comparison for Rhode Island Roger Williams University Description Named after the seventeenth-century founder of Rhode Island, Roger Williams University shares Williams dedication to education, freedom, and tolerance. The university sits on an attractive 140-acre campus overlooking Mount Hope Bay in Bristol, Rhode Island. Roger Williams takes advantage of its waterfront setting. The school has a winning sailing team, and students can take out one of the universitys kayaks during a break. Student life as a whole is active, and students can choose from nearly 100 clubs and organizations. On the academic front, students can choose from over 40 majors, and the curriculum is supported by a 12 to 1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 19. In athletics, Roger Williams sponsors 18 varsity sports. The Hawks compete in the NCAA Division III Commonwealth Coast Conference for most sports. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 5,193  (4,902 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 46  percent male / 54 percent female84  percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $32,100Books: $900 (why so much?)Room and Board: $15,086Other Expenses: $2,810Total Cost: $50,896 Roger Williams University Financial Aid (2015- 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 95  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 92 percentLoans: 66 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $14,213Loans: $11,102 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Architecture, Business Administration, Criminal Justice, Marketing, Media Communication, Psychology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 83  percentTransfer-out Rate: 29 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 55  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 64 percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Baseball, Lacrosse, Soccer, Swimming, Tennis, Wrestling, Track and Field, Golf, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Basketball, Softball, Tennis, Volleyball, Field Hockey, Lacrosse, Golf, Track and Field If You Like Roger Williams University, You May Also Like These Schools UMass Amherst: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Rhode Island: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBryant University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphRhode Island College: ProfileKeene State College: ProfileSalve Regina University: ProfileNortheastern University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of New Haven: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlfred University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMarist College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSuffolk University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphStonehill College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

Advertising Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Advertising Strategy - Assignment Example Advertising has grown and evolved into a complex form of communication with thousands of different methods of business to get a message to the consumer. The hotel can also come up with ways to advertise itself to the public through making of appropriate use of touchy images and portraits of the hotel in the newspapers, using of words and phrases that will attract customers to it. The advertisements can create the desire in the clients to want to be part of the hotel and the people enjoying the good things that the hotel has to offer. Some cave paintings can also come in handy when it comes to ensuring that the hotel is well advertised. The most effective advertising tactic is making an adoption of a single strategy that is clear and corresponding to the needs of the people around the hotel. The business financial resource is what needs to dictate the tactic of advertising. One can run public promotion across the town or make the advertisement on radio and television. For instance, a campaign can promote a product’s prices that are low while radio and television advertisement can promote services a and products that are of high quality. This will ensure that the tactic corresponds with the gain accrued from the sale of the same product or service. Another good tactic is ensuring that the target population has access to the advert and can be wooed towards joining the Ocho Rios fraternity. This can be measurable by the turn out in customers after the advert. Different adverts should have a diversified approach to prices and services offered in order to attract customers of all calibers. More so, the adverts should be content based rather than emphasizing on the prices. It should show the quality of services offered by the hotel and the serenity of the environment where it is located rather than making rounds on the pricing. Customers can pay any amount for services offered provided they enjoy and are

Computer Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Literacy - Essay Example These audiences are identified and the reasons as to why a certain search engine is suitable for them. The effectiveness of all the search engines for their different purposes is also discussed. Finally, each of the search engines has some advantages and disadvantages over the others due to their different aesthetic, technical and privacy features. These advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each of the search engines. Search engines can be classified into several types. General search engines are portals which allow for searching of content using an algorithm specifically designed for this task. Google is a general search engine, alongside Yahoo! and Bing among others. Metasearch engines work by submitting query keywords to other search engines, which in turn perform a search using the provided keywords. The results are then aggregated and returned to the user. A point to note is that metasearch engines do not have a database of webpage contents, they only sort the search results from other search engines in a desirable manner (Lib.berkeley.edu, 2015). Examples of metasearch engines includes Dogpile, Excite, DeeperWeb, Kayak, Answers.com, Clusty and LeapFish. DuckDuckGo takes a hybrid approach, being both a general search engine that uses its own crawler while still utilizing a metasearch functionality. Multimedia search engines are used to search the web for videos, images, music, movies and ima ges and multimedia-related services. Search engines can also be classified as crawler-based and human-powered. Crawler-based search engines use software bots to search through websites and create an index by analyzing and categorizing them based on their content, the websites that link to them, the websites they link to and the level of traffic that they experience. Human-powered search engines employ human editors to create and edit their indexes (Yuanlei.com, 2015). DuckDuckGo and Dogpile search engines fall in the crawler-powered category.

Rhetorical analysis assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rhetorical analysis assignment - Essay Example Thereby this essay intends to use the basics of rhetorical analysis to analyze and interpret the article The Gun that killed my Sister published in the opinion section of Politico. The author Elvin Daniel commands an intimate relationship with the content of the article as his sister was killed in the October 2012 Brookfield, Wisconsin spa shooting, thereby the approach of Elvin in the given article happens to be emotive and personal. This article intends to bring to fore one of the salient politico-social issues that have raked in much controversy in the America political and social circles, which is Gun Control. The author does not preach a tough or staunch stance towards the issue of gun control, but rather tends to extend a reasonable and emotive plea to the readers that the online sale of guns ought to come within the legal purview of background checks. The overall approach of the author towards gun control is sane and logical as he mentions that, â€Å"I’ve seen how dev astating Gun violence can be (Elvin 1).† Irrespective of the fact that the author in a way happens to be the firsthand victim of gun violence, as his sister got shot by her husband with a gun procured online and without succumbing to any background checks, the reason extended by the author is also based on facts and commonsense. The author believes that the online sale of guns is fraught with dangerous possibilities, as he goes on to cite the conclusion arrived at by a report that, â€Å"every year tens of thousands of criminals and domestic abusers like Radcliffe are looking for guns on Armslist.com, where they can easily buy weapons from private sellers without a background check (Elvin 1).† The overall purpose of the author is to move the public opinion in support of the fact that the online sale of guns must come within the ambit of background checks. Going by the fact that the writer’s sister herself got killed by a gun procured online without any background checks, the opinion expressed by the author happens to be utterly valid, credible and reliable. The thing is that the author is no way against guns as he acknowledges that, â€Å"I’m a gun owner, a hunter, and a member of the National Rifle Association (Elvin 1).† However, the writer staunchly supports a responsible attitude towards arms that no way opposes or decries a background check while purchasing arms at any online portal. The writer intends to target a range of readers subscribing to Politico. The writer is targeting the common citizens, many of whom end up being victims of the gun violence on a daily basis. The writer may also be targeting the anti gun control organizations like the National Rifle Association, encouraging them to support a reasonable and midway approach towards gun control. The article also has an undeniable political angle as it also happens to target the law makers, ordinary citizens, think tanks, pressure groups and anybody who is concerne d about the issue of gun control. The article contains ample information that helps the readers construct the writer’s persona in their minds. Even a cursory perusal of the article testifies to the fact that the writer happens to be a person who has personally suffered from gun violence, as he clearly

Knowledge management and innovation

Knowledge management and innovation In recent years, there are a large number of academic articles, which have been focused on the topic of knowledge management and innovation. Both academic researchers and professions seem to agree that knowledge is the most valuable asset of a firm (Garcà ­a-Muià ±a et al., 2009). Moreover, Hsiangchu and Tsai-Hsin (2002) suggested that the corporations knowledge is the main competitive advantage for a corporation. Therefore, managing knowledge in organisations could be considered as a key factor for the success in todays business world. There are four major elements in the knowledge process which includes creating knowledge, integrating knowledge, sharing knowledge and codifying knowledge (Newell et al. 2009). A study by Teece et al. (1997 cited Leiponen 2006) proposed that the creation of knowledge can have the important effects on performance of a corporation. While other researchers mentioned that creating knowledge is not great enough and comprehensive knowledge sharing and int egration of an organisation are displayed its success (Okhuysen and Eisenhardt, 2002). The goal of this paper is to review the existing literature on knowledge management and apply these theories in combination with some examples of other organisations to analyse main strategic knowledge purpose of an organisation by examining one specific case study of a biopharmaceutical company Panther Biotech The development of a radical new therapeutic for an acute inflammatory disease. It could be said that the case study provides a good example of managing knowledge and innovation in a knowledge intensive firm. Moreover, this paper will also provide an in-depth analysis of how Panther Biotech makes an effort to introduce good practices in knowledge sharing and knowledge integration in order to improve its new drug development process. Definition Knowledge According to Davenport and Prusak (1998) the definition of knowledge is described as Knowledge is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, contextual information, expert insight and grounded intuition that provides an environment and framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information originates. There are a number of definitions of knowledge but this definition could be one of the most referenced definitions in the literature of this field. Moreover, different forms of knowledge such as tacit, explicit and implicit at the individual, social and organisational levels need to be considered in order to expose its potential contribution to the performance of the firm (Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995, Spender 1996). Knowledge management In today business, it could be said that most of firms show their effort to apply knowledge management in order to improve business performances or to promote innovation process. According to McIrnerney (2002), knowledge management is defined as an effort to increase useful knowledge within the firm by promoting communication, offering opportunities to learn, and promoting the sharing and transfer of appropriate knowledge. Knowledge management can be defined as the set of activities that enable the creation, storage, distribution, and application of knowledge in organizations (Chow et al. 2005). Different definitions of knowledge and its management shows the diversity of the knowledge management processes ranging from knowledge creation, sharing, integration, codification, transfer, search, storage, use and so on. Knowledge Intensive firms A Knowledge intensive firm has been defined by Alvensson (2004) as an organisation which sell knowledge-based products or the use of knowledge to the market. It can be said that the core activities of this firm based on the knowledge of a large number of employees. Innovation Verloop (2004 cited Khiji et al., 2006) describes innovation as a new idea or concept created by RD activities and successful innovation requires changes in organizational processes and transformation of an idea into a commercially useable product. Other scholar defines innovation as a process: the development and implementation of new ideas by people who over time engage in transactions with others in an institutional context (Van de Ven, 1986). Literature review of Knowledge management and Innovation The emerging of the concept of knowledge-based societies, our societies have been shifting gradually to become knowledge societies (Hsiangchu and Tsai-Hsin 2002). Emerging countries like China and India are shifting their manufacturing-based economies to knowledge-based economies, and these two countries could be the main thread to the US and Western economies. For example, China and India are the two biggest markets for IT outsourcing. An industrial-based economy transforms to the information age or knowledge-based era and products of knowledge and knowledge works are becoming main sources for firms and nations to create profits and competitive advantages (Newell et al. 2009). The major advantage of China when compare with other nations could be a plentiful supply of cheap knowledge workers. For these reasons, it could be suggested that managing knowledge and the management of knowledge workers play an important role in the success of the firms and the nations as well. During the last two decades, there has been a growing in the number of researchers which conduct their research in the field of knowledge and its management. Research on this field has been also received a successful history (Argote et al., 2003). These scholars also suggested that research on knowledge management spans many different areas such as economics, information systems and organisational behaviour and theory (Argote et al., 2003). The diversity of knowledge management research shows the great impact of this field in many disciplines thus biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry might not be stood out of this trend. Gans and Stern (2004 cited Khiji et al., 2006) suggested that biotechnology plays an important role in global industry and gradually rises with the encouragement of innovation to improve human heath and quality of life. Biotech firms may be unique among some reasons. Gans and Stern (2004 cited Khiji et al., 2006) also said that the development of a biotechnology company strongly depends on its science activities. It can be proposed that biotechnology companies are knowledge intensive firms. Nowadays, finding the answer for a question where and how knowledge is created and protected that is the challenge task for this industry and managing knowledge is also not as a basic task as before (Allarakhia and Walsh 2011). Pharmaceutical firms are more often driving partner relationships with biotech firms and research centres (Walsh et al., 2002 cited Allarakhia and Walsh 2011). Alliances between biotech companies, academic institutions and pharmaceutical companies may be the norm in this industry. It can be suggested that these alliances could help these firms get better access to fund and knowledge from their strategic partners and firms will respond to the new development and technology in faster and more flexible ways. According to Khiji et al., (2006), the average time for the whole biotech process from first investment for scientific discove ry to sell product in the market can take up to 15 years. Biotech companies often try to attract capital and partnerships in the early stages of theirs development process and with numerous attempts to find the right company partners for the next steps which can include manufacturing, product design and marketing (Khiji et al., 2006). Unfortunately, most of them fail to deal with these tasks; Gassman et al. (2004 cited Khiji et al., 2006) showed a report of these decisions with a 90% failure rate among biotech companies. This can be suggested that biotechnology is a long-term investment with high risk and firms must highly consider the role of time-sensitive decision. Additionally, despite many people believe that biotech industry has showed immense potential for growth, not many firms can share in the success. Case study 4.1 Background Panther is a biopharmaceutical company this means it develops medical products using biotechnology. Developing therapeutic technologies to improve patients heath in order to gain outstanding benefits for shareholders is the main task of Panther. It is a publicly listed company with net cash and liquid resource of $400 million, and it also creates nearly 300 jobs on the West coast of the US. Its employees are experts in the early stage of the new drug development process. All RD activities of Panther, except later stage of drug development are funded by itself. The purpose of this financial strategy is to ensure the operation of firm runs smoothly until it shows the successful of development drug in clinical trials. The funding for any later stage of drug development processes is carefully decided on a case-by-case basis. Until now Panther has taken only four development processes into clinical trials by itself. 4.2 Discussion